The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali #1.5-1.11


The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali # 1.5: Yoga Sutras: Vrittayah Pancatayah Klishta Aklishta: Forms of thinking are divided into five varieties, some of which are painful and others are painless (neutral).

Here Patanjali states in his yoga sutras of Patanjali summery that there are five different types of thought-forms that will be defined in future sutras. He also mentions that these various types of thought-forms can be painful or neutral.
                             
                     
Each thought-form in the mind is either neutral or painful. Although our being is in constant concern, most of the observations are simple and neutral in nature. Everyday thoughts or observations are examples of neutral thought-forms; for example, when you notice that your shoes are standing next to your bed, or when you think about breakfast. Simple things. You may wonder why Patanjali does not mention pleasant thought forms as a third kind. There is a good reason for this. The Patanjali yoga sutras Sanskrit the yoga sutras of Patanjali by Swami Satchidananda codified yoga in almost two hundred sutras. 

In the end, there are no pleasant thought forms, because every thought-form that seems pleasant is essentially painful, anxious. We can distinguish everything that we want from good and bad, positive and negative thought forms, but essentially all thought forms are just thought forms; they belong to the mind and should be avoided or dealt with without making distinctions between different kinds of thought-forms. In fact, pleasant thought forms can be more dangerous than obvious negative thoughts, because negative ones are often considered useless, while positive thoughts seem useful to you. Therefore: you will cling to them and be enveloped in a positive illusion.


The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali # 1.6:

Pramana Viparyaya Vikalpa Nidra Smritayah: These are (categories): correct knowledge; Wrong knowledge; Imagination; Sleep; Memory.

Here in the yoga sutras quotes, five different categories of thought-forms are indicated. Each form of thought can be attributed to one of these categories.

The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali # 1.7:

Pratyakshanumana Agamah Pramanani: correct knowledge is based on 1) direct perception; 2) Inference; and 3) Certificate.

Here, the yoga sutras of Patanjali begin to define the first of five categories: correct knowledge. He defines this by mentioning three ways in which correct knowledge can come to a person.yoga sutra Patanjali Desikachar, The Yoga Sutra is considered one of the most authoritative classical texts on yoga,

1: The first way to get the right knowledge is through Direct Perception: this one speaks for itself. It includes everything that you see directly, without the intervention of any object or object. If I see a house in front of me, I have the right knowledge about this house; it stands in front of me. This is direct perception.

2: The second way to get the right knowledge is inference: inference means correct knowledge through reasoning. If you see the outer yellow peel of a banana, you assume (you use reasoning) that the white, soft, edible part of the banana is inside. You cannot see it directly, it is not direct perception, but you use logical reasoning to determine that the real banana is inside the peel. This is the conclusion.

3: The third way to get the right knowledge is through Testimony. Testimony means knowledge gained about an object or circumstances when you yourself are not in place, but gain knowledge through another reliable object (text) or subject (verbal communication) that has direct perception. This is evidence.

It is desirable, and according to the yoga sutras, you want your knowledge to be confirmed in all three ways to be absolutely sure.


Yoga Sutras of Patanjali # 1.8:

Viparyayah Mithya Jnanam Atad Rupa Pratistham: Wrong knowledge is a fictitious understanding of insight, observing something different from what is expected from what it really is.
The most common yogic example of this phenomenon is to take a rope for a snake at dusk. A rope is just a rope, and your real perception sees the rope as it is, but your mind interprets it as a snake because of the dim light and the shape of the rope that the mind connects with the snake.

Another example of false knowledge, slightly different from the previous one, is the veil of morgan. Using the example of a snake, your eyes see a rope, and your mind interprets it as a snake. In the Fata Morgana example, your eyes still see reality, but the mind not only interprets but hallucinates.
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